Euphrasia officinalis

Euphrasia officinalis, commonly known as eyebright, is a hemiparasitic annual herb in the family Orobanchaceae. It is recognized by its small, two-lipped flowers that are typically white or purplish with distinct yellow markings.

It is native to Europe, parts of Asia, and North America, typically inhabiting grasslands, meadows, and open woodlands. The plant thrives in well-drained soils and relies on parasitizing the roots of neighboring grasses and herbs.

It is occasionally included in wildflower seed mixes to promote grassland biodiversity, as its hemiparasitic nature helps control vigorous grasses. Otherwise, it has little modern economic or ornamental value.

In traditional European folk medicine, it is widely used as an eyewash or compress to soothe eye inflammations and conjunctivitis. It has also been brewed as a tea to treat respiratory conditions, colds, and gastrointestinal complaints.

The plant's historical association with eye care is rooted in the Doctrine of Signatures, as its flower markings resemble a bloodshot human eye. It was traditionally believed to be a divine remedy for preserving sight and was sometimes used in folk charms to protect vision.